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SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2).
It binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing mitochondrial structure and function. By improving electron transport chain efficiency and reducing oxidative stress, SS-31 has been studied for its ability to restore mitochondrial health, enhance cellular energy, and protect against degenerative diseases. SS-31 remains experimental and is not FDA-approved for therapeutic use.
How It Is Used in Research Settings
- Studied for protecting mitochondria against oxidative damage and dysfunction.
- Explored for improving muscle function and exercise tolerance in aging models.
- Investigated in cardiovascular research for heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiomyopathy.
- Examined in neurodegenerative disease models such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
- Studied for kidney and eye diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Proposed Uses (Research Areas)
- Mitochondrial health and longevity studies.
- Cardiovascular disease and heart failure research.
- Neurodegenerative disease models.
- Kidney disease research.
- Ophthalmology (retinal and optic nerve protection).
How It Is Dosed in Research Settings
- Injectable (Subcutaneous or Intravenous): Clinical research trials have used doses of 0.25–0.5 mg/kg/day, delivered via daily injections or IV infusion.
- Cycle length: Trials range from short infusions (1–5 days for ischemia studies) to longer studies lasting weeks to months for chronic disease models.
- Handling: Supplied as sterile solution or lyophilized powder; requires refrigeration and protection from light.
Important Considerations
- Regulatory status: SS-31 is not FDA-approved; it remains under investigation in clinical research.
- Evidence base: Multiple phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have shown promise in mitochondrial diseases, heart failure, and eye conditions, but FDA approval has not been granted.
- Safety: Generally well tolerated in research, with mild side effects such as injection site reactions, headache, or nausea reported. Long-term safety requires more study.
Disclaimer
This material is provided for educational purposes only and summarizes published research on SS-31 (Elamipretide).
It is not medical advice. SS-31 is experimental, not FDA-approved, and should not be viewed as a therapy for medical use.
This peptide is for research use only.